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A. J. ROWLEDGE.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-24. I917.

Patented July 8, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

A. J. ROWLEDGE.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED sEPT.24. 1917.

1,309, 103. Patented July 8, 1919.

2 SHLETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES OFFICE.

ARTHUR JQHN ROWLEDG-E, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 D. NAPIER & SON LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL -COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 8, 1919.

Application filed September 24, 1917. Serial No. 192,960.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR JOHN Row- LEDGE, a subject ofthe King of England, re-

siding at London,- in England, have invent- In constructing cylinders of the typeindicated in order to insure soundness 1n the aluminium or aluminium alloy castings it is desirable to makethese castings as simple as possible. Further it is advisable to leave the steel cylinder as free as possible for purposes of expansion. It has previously been proposedto insert a steel cylinder into a water jacket formed of aluminium or aluminium allow cast integral with a head portion in whic are the inlet and exhaust passages the cylinder head being connected to the head ortion of the casting by tubular flange members forming the valve seats which were passed through openings in the cylinder head and screwed into the casting. In that case, however, the head of the cylinder was inclosed in the casting and consequently was not free to, expand while the casting of the water jacket integral with the head portion militated against, simplicity and necessitated-the jacket being formedof substantial thickness. The improved construction avoids these disadvantages.

According to this invention a casting of aluminium or aluminium alloy is provlded in which are the inlet and exhaust and the guides for the valve spin les and this casting is provided with a smooth face which is fitted on to the smooth flat head of 66 in the cylinder head and screwed into the assages.

casting, or alternatively, the casting may be bolted to the head of the cylinder. In the latter case the valveseats would be formed in the head of the steel cylinder and the bolts which would be passed through the cylinder head would conveniently be disposed between the ports and possibly one of them in the center so as to keep the connection between the castin and the cylinder localized as far as possib e and as near the center of the cylinder as is practicable. A sheet metal casing of aluminium or aluminium alloy formed in one or two parts and constituting the water jacket is connected by welding to the casting on the cylinder head and to a separate ring which surrounds the cylinder body with which it is arranged to form a tight joint. The steel cylinder is thus only directly connected to the casting mounted on its head b the valve seat members or by the bolts as a ove mentioned and the peripher of the cylinder head and its body are 1e t free toexpand independently of the casting and the Water jacket. The casting may be simple and of such a nature that soundness may be insured while a minimum of metal may be employed in the formation of the water jacket.

In putting the invention into practice, for example in the construction of a block of cylinders, the cylinders are mounted in a.

jig and the heads of all of them are smoothed off by grinding or otherwise. A spectacle frame is formed in some convenient manner,

this frame comprising the several rings to which the outer end portion of the water jacket casing is connected, these rings being all formed integral. This frame is slipped over the cylinders. The face of the casting for the heads of all the cylinders is similarly smoothed off and the casting applied to the heads of the cylinders and fixed in place by screwing in the tubular valve members or by bolting the parts together. The sheet metal casing constituting the water jacket is conveniently formed in two parts each adapted to inclose all the cylinders along one side. Thesetwo casing parts are applied to the cylinder and the end portions of the casing are united by Welding- The casing is now brought up against a flange provided for the purpose on the under side of the head casting and welded to this flange. At a suitable point in its length each cylln-v der has been formed with anexternal annuy flanged tubular members lar groove 0r recess as for instance by providing twin radial flanges and into this recess is inserted a ring of dermatin or other suitable material. The spectacle frame is now brought overtherecess containing the dermatin ring with which it forms a tight joint and the frame is connected by welding to the end part of the water jacket casing.

The detail formation of'the casting which is mounted on the head of the cylinder may vary in accordance with requirements. The detail construction of the steel cylinder may also vary as found desirable. .The head of this cylinder is conveniently thickened in the usual manner and toward its outer end there is formed on the exterior of the cylinder a flange or foot for the purpose of attaching it tothe crank casing.

I The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example one construction of cylinder in accordance with this invention. In these drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal'sectional elevation through the cylinder and head casting.

Figs. 2 and 3 show modifications in the method of connecting the cylinder water jacket to the head casting. I

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal'sectional elevation through the end of the -cylinder and head casting illustrating a modification in the method of connecting the head of the cylinder to the casting.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 55 of Fig. 4 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

The cylinder A is formed of steel with an integral head A in which are formed openings. adapted either to constitute valve seats or to receive separately. .formed valve seats as in the construction illustrated. The outer face of the cylinder head A is formed fiat and smooth and this head together with some portion of the body of the cylinder which extends from the'head and incloses the combustion space is conveniently thickened in the usual way. Toward the open end of the cylinder is preferably formed on its exterior a flange or foot A which serves to attach the cylinder to the crank casing.

i The head casting B is formed of. aluminium or aluminium alloy and is provided with inlet and exhaust passages B and guides C for the valve spindles. This head casting has a smooth face B ada ted to fit on to the smooth cylinder head A the casting being so formed that it rests on the head of the cylinder and does not extend along its body or around the head. ,The casting B is connected to the cylinder means of the each of which forms a valve seat and is passed through an opening in the cylinder head A and casing may be connected to the. outer screwed into the casting B. Alternatively the valve seats may be formed in the cylinder head A and bolts are then passed through the head of the cylinder into the casting these bolts being disposed between the ports one of them being conveniently situated in the center of the cylinder. The bolts are so positioned as to maintain the connection between the cylinder and the casting as near as possible to the center of the cylinder.

A sheet metal casing E is formed of aluminium or aluminium alloy either in one or two parts and constitutes the water jacket which surrounds the, cylinder body. This ortions B and B of the head casting B by welding as shown in'Fig. 1. Alternatively as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 the end of the casing E may be connected to the parts 'B by flanging outwardly the end of the casing E and passing. screws F through this flange into the parts B 18 which are then suitably shaped as shown.

A separate ring G is provided and constructed so as to surround the cylinder A at some point in its length where there has been formed on the cylinder two annular flanges A In. the groove formed between these flanges A is placed a ring H of dermatin or similar'material of such dimensions that when "the ring G is implace a tight joint will be formed between it and the cylinder A. The end of the casing E is welded to the ring G.

It will thus be seen that the only direct connection between the cylinder A and the head casting B is at the head A" of the cylinder and the connection is situated as near the center of the cylinder head as -pos-. 105 sible so that the periphery of the cylinder head and the cylinder body are left entirely free to expand independently of the head casting B and the water jacket E.

When applying the invention to .a construction comprising a set or block of cylinders, a single integral head casting B is pro-v vided for all the cylinders A which are separately attached thereto in the manner described. The ring G for the several cylin-- ders is formed in one piece as a spectacle frame. The sheet metal casing E is then conveniently constructed in tWo parts each into the head casting B so as to project from its flat face and the ends of the studs pass through corresponding holes formed in the head A of the cylinder nuts J being screwed on to the ends of the studs so as todraw and holdthe head casting B closely against the end of the cylinder. As shown in Fig. 5 the studs J are located between the ports A in the cylinder head A one of these studs being positioned in the center while the othersare arranged as near as possible to the center. In the construction illustrated the cylinder is provided with four ports A controlled sages and in. which are arranged guides for the valve spindles this casting having a smooth face'adapted to fit accurately on to the head of the cylinder with the openings of the inlet and exhaust passages in the castingcoincident withthe openings in the cylinder head the castingtbeing so formed that it rests on the cylinder head and does not extend along the cylinder or around the head, a plurality of members passing through the cylinderhead and screwed into the casting and serving-as the only. rigid connection between thecylinder and the casting, ,a plu rality of valves controlling the inlet and ex haust openings in the cylinder head with their spindles passing through the guides in the casting, a separate ring member surrounding the body of the cylinder, means by which a water tight joint is formed between this ring member and the cylinder body at.

some place in the length of the latter, and a sheet metalcasing formed of aluminium or aluminium alloy and constituting the cylinder water jacketone end of this caslng being .connected to the casting on the head ofithe cylinder While the other end is connected to the ring member as set forth. I

2. An internal combustion engine construction including in combination, a steel cylinder having one end closed by a thin head formed with inlet and exhaust openings, the outer'surface of said head being .fiat, a castingmof aluminium formed with a flat surface ving inlet and exhaust, passages opening therethrough, means securln the casting to the cylinder head'wlth sai flat surfaces only contact and the inlet and exhaust openings 1n commumcationwith the inlet and exhaust passages, a casing of aluminium secured to the castlng and sur-' rounding the cylinder forming a water jacket, the end of said casing opposite the casting having a water tight connectlon with the cylinder.

3. An lnternal combustion engine construction including in combination, asteel cylinder having one end closed by a thin head formed with inlet and exhaust openings, the outer surface of-said head being flat, a casting of aluminium formedwith a flat surface having inlet and exhaust passages opening therethrough, means securing the casting to the cylinder head with said flat surfaces only in contact and the inlet and exhaust openings in communication. with the inlet and exhaust passages, a casing of aluminium secured to the casting and surrounding the cylinder forming a water jacket, a ring secured to the 'end of said casing opposite the castingand having a sliding water tight connection with the cylinder.

4. An internal combustion engine construction including in combination, a steel cylinder having one end closed by a thin' head formed with inlet and exhaust open ings, the outer surface of said head being fiat, a casting of aluminium formed with a flat surface having inlet and exhaust passages opening therethrough, means securing the casting to the cylinder head with sand flat surfaces only in contact andthe inlet and exhaust openings in communication with the inlet and exhaust passages, said means being disposed substantiallyv along a diameter of said head, a casing of alumini-v um secured to the casting and surrounding the cylinder forming a water jacket, the end of sald casing opposite the casting having a water ,tight slidlng connection with the cyl-,

inder. a

5. An internal combustion engine con-' ,St-IllCtlOIl including in combination, a steel cylinder having one end closed by a thin.

head'formed with inlet and exhaust openings, the outer surface of said head being fiat, a casting of aluminium formed with a flat surface having inlet and exhaust passages opening therethrou b, means securing the casting to the cy inder head with sand fiat surfaces only in contact and the inlet and exhaust openings in communication with the inlet and exhaust passages, said means comprising solely rings extending through said openings and secured to the casting, a casing of aluminium secured to the casting and. surroundingithe cylinder forming a water jacket, the en of said casin opposite the casting' having a water tig t sliding connection with the cylindenf.

' 6. An internal combustion engine conformed with a flat exterior surface, an alumnnum casting havmg a fiat surface, means extending through said head within the con 57125 struction including in combinatlon, asteel cylinder having a thin head closing-one end fines of the boreof said cylinder for secur-' ing the casting to the cylinder with said flat surfaces only in contact, an aluminium casing surrounding and s aced from the cylinder secured at one en radially outside the cylinder to the casting and having a water tight sliding connection with the cylinder at its other end.

7. An internal combustion engine construction including in combination, a steel cylinder having one end closed by a thin head formed with inlet and exhaust openings, the outer surface of said head being fiat, a casting of aluminium formed with a fiat surface having inlet and exhaust passages opening therethrough, means securing the casting to the cylinder head with said flat surfaces only in oontact and the inlet and exhaust openings in communication with the inlet and exhaust passages, said means comprising solely rings extending through said openings and secured to the casting, puppet valves carried by the casting each adapted to seat on one of said rings, a casing of aluminium secured to the casting and surrounding the c linder forming .a Water jacket, the end 0 said casing opposite the casting having a water tight sliding connection with the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. v

ARTHUR JOHN ROWLEDGE.

Witnesses:

E. PAsK, R. BAGGOTT. 

